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design-systems.md

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Design Systems

Overview

This context file provides reusable design system patterns, theme templates, and color systems for frontend design work. Use these as starting points for creating cohesive, professional UI designs.

Quick Reference

Color Format: OKLCH (perceptually uniform color space) Theme Variables: CSS custom properties (--variable-name) Font Sources: Google Fonts Responsive: All designs must be mobile-first responsive

Theme Patterns

Neo-Brutalism Style

Characteristics: 90s web design aesthetic, bold borders, flat shadows, high contrast

Use Cases:

  • Retro/vintage applications
  • Bold, statement-making interfaces
  • Art/creative portfolios
  • Playful consumer apps

Theme Template:

:root {
  /* Colors - High contrast, bold */
  --background: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
  --card: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --card-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
  --popover: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --popover-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
  --primary: oklch(0.6489 0.2370 26.9728);
  --primary-foreground: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --secondary: oklch(0.9680 0.2110 109.7692);
  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
  --muted: oklch(0.9551 0 0);
  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.3211 0 0);
  --accent: oklch(0.5635 0.2408 260.8178);
  --accent-foreground: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --destructive: oklch(0 0 0);
  --destructive-foreground: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --border: oklch(0 0 0);
  --input: oklch(0 0 0);
  --ring: oklch(0.6489 0.2370 26.9728);
  
  /* Chart colors */
  --chart-1: oklch(0.6489 0.2370 26.9728);
  --chart-2: oklch(0.9680 0.2110 109.7692);
  --chart-3: oklch(0.5635 0.2408 260.8178);
  --chart-4: oklch(0.7323 0.2492 142.4953);
  --chart-5: oklch(0.5931 0.2726 328.3634);
  
  /* Sidebar */
  --sidebar: oklch(0.9551 0 0);
  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0 0 0);
  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0.6489 0.2370 26.9728);
  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.5635 0.2408 260.8178);
  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(1.0000 0 0);
  --sidebar-border: oklch(0 0 0);
  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.6489 0.2370 26.9728);
  
  /* Typography */
  --font-sans: DM Sans, sans-serif;
  --font-serif: ui-serif, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  --font-mono: Space Mono, monospace;
  
  /* Border radius - Sharp corners */
  --radius: 0px;
  --radius-sm: calc(var(--radius) - 4px);
  --radius-md: calc(var(--radius) - 2px);
  --radius-lg: var(--radius);
  --radius-xl: calc(var(--radius) + 4px);
  
  /* Shadows - Bold, offset shadows */
  --shadow-2xs: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.50);
  --shadow-xs: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.50);
  --shadow-sm: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00), 4px 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00);
  --shadow: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00), 4px 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00);
  --shadow-md: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00), 4px 2px 4px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00);
  --shadow-lg: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00), 4px 4px 6px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00);
  --shadow-xl: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00), 4px 8px 10px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00);
  --shadow-2xl: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 2.50);
  
  /* Spacing */
  --tracking-normal: 0em;
  --spacing: 0.25rem;
}

Modern Dark Mode Style

Characteristics: Clean, minimal, professional (Vercel/Linear aesthetic)

Use Cases:

  • SaaS applications
  • Developer tools
  • Professional dashboards
  • Enterprise applications
  • Modern web apps

Theme Template:

:root {
  /* Colors - Subtle, professional */
  --background: oklch(1 0 0);
  --foreground: oklch(0.1450 0 0);
  --card: oklch(1 0 0);
  --card-foreground: oklch(0.1450 0 0);
  --popover: oklch(1 0 0);
  --popover-foreground: oklch(0.1450 0 0);
  --primary: oklch(0.2050 0 0);
  --primary-foreground: oklch(0.9850 0 0);
  --secondary: oklch(0.9700 0 0);
  --secondary-foreground: oklch(0.2050 0 0);
  --muted: oklch(0.9700 0 0);
  --muted-foreground: oklch(0.5560 0 0);
  --accent: oklch(0.9700 0 0);
  --accent-foreground: oklch(0.2050 0 0);
  --destructive: oklch(0.5770 0.2450 27.3250);
  --destructive-foreground: oklch(1 0 0);
  --border: oklch(0.9220 0 0);
  --input: oklch(0.9220 0 0);
  --ring: oklch(0.7080 0 0);
  
  /* Chart colors - Monochromatic blues */
  --chart-1: oklch(0.8100 0.1000 252);
  --chart-2: oklch(0.6200 0.1900 260);
  --chart-3: oklch(0.5500 0.2200 263);
  --chart-4: oklch(0.4900 0.2200 264);
  --chart-5: oklch(0.4200 0.1800 266);
  
  /* Sidebar */
  --sidebar: oklch(0.9850 0 0);
  --sidebar-foreground: oklch(0.1450 0 0);
  --sidebar-primary: oklch(0.2050 0 0);
  --sidebar-primary-foreground: oklch(0.9850 0 0);
  --sidebar-accent: oklch(0.9700 0 0);
  --sidebar-accent-foreground: oklch(0.2050 0 0);
  --sidebar-border: oklch(0.9220 0 0);
  --sidebar-ring: oklch(0.7080 0 0);
  
  /* Typography - System fonts */
  --font-sans: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, 'Noto Sans', sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';
  --font-serif: ui-serif, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif;
  --font-mono: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Liberation Mono", "Courier New", monospace;
  
  /* Border radius - Rounded */
  --radius: 0.625rem;
  --radius-sm: calc(var(--radius) - 4px);
  --radius-md: calc(var(--radius) - 2px);
  --radius-lg: var(--radius);
  --radius-xl: calc(var(--radius) + 4px);
  
  /* Shadows - Subtle, soft */
  --shadow-2xs: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.05);
  --shadow-xs: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.05);
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10), 0 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10);
  --shadow: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10), 0 1px 2px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10);
  --shadow-md: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10), 0 2px 4px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10);
  --shadow-lg: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10), 0 4px 6px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10);
  --shadow-xl: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10), 0 8px 10px -1px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10);
  --shadow-2xl: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.25);
  
  /* Spacing */
  --tracking-normal: 0em;
  --spacing: 0.25rem;
}

Typography System

Recommended Font Families

Monospace Fonts (Code, technical interfaces):

  • JetBrains Mono
  • Fira Code
  • Source Code Pro
  • IBM Plex Mono
  • Roboto Mono
  • Space Mono
  • Geist Mono

Sans-Serif Fonts (UI, body text):

  • Inter
  • Roboto
  • Open Sans
  • Poppins
  • Montserrat
  • Outfit
  • Plus Jakarta Sans
  • DM Sans
  • Geist
  • Space Grotesk

Display/Decorative Fonts:

  • Oxanium
  • Architects Daughter

Serif Fonts (Editorial, formal):

  • Merriweather
  • Playfair Display
  • Lora
  • Source Serif Pro
  • Libre Baskerville

Font Loading

Always use Google Fonts for consistency and reliability:

<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

Color System Guidelines

OKLCH Color Space

Use OKLCH for perceptually uniform colors:

  • L (Lightness): 0-1 (0 = black, 1 = white)
  • C (Chroma): 0-0.4 (saturation)
  • H (Hue): 0-360 (color angle)

Format: oklch(L C H)

Example: oklch(0.6489 0.2370 26.9728) = vibrant orange

Color Palette Rules

  1. Avoid Bootstrap Blue: Unless explicitly requested, avoid generic blue (#007bff)
  2. Semantic Colors: Use meaningful color names (--primary, --destructive, --success)
  3. Contrast: Ensure WCAG AA compliance (4.5:1 for text)
  4. Consistency: Use theme variables, not hardcoded colors

Background/Foreground Pairing

Rule: Background should contrast with content

  • Light component → Dark background
  • Dark component → Light background
  • Ensures visibility and visual hierarchy

Shadow System

Shadow Scales

Shadows create depth and hierarchy:

  • --shadow-2xs: Minimal elevation (1-2px)
  • --shadow-xs: Subtle lift (2-3px)
  • --shadow-sm: Small cards (3-4px)
  • --shadow: Default elevation (4-6px)
  • --shadow-md: Medium cards (6-8px)
  • --shadow-lg: Modals, dropdowns (8-12px)
  • --shadow-xl: Floating panels (12-16px)
  • --shadow-2xl: Maximum elevation (16-24px)

Shadow Styles

Soft Shadows (Modern):

box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 0.10);

Hard Shadows (Neo-brutalism):

box-shadow: 4px 4px 0px 0px hsl(0 0% 0% / 1.00);

Spacing System

Base Unit

Use --spacing: 0.25rem (4px) as base unit

Scale

  • 1x = 0.25rem (4px)
  • 2x = 0.5rem (8px)
  • 3x = 0.75rem (12px)
  • 4x = 1rem (16px)
  • 6x = 1.5rem (24px)
  • 8x = 2rem (32px)
  • 12x = 3rem (48px)
  • 16x = 4rem (64px)

Border Radius System

Radius Scales

--radius-sm: calc(var(--radius) - 4px);
--radius-md: calc(var(--radius) - 2px);
--radius-lg: var(--radius);
--radius-xl: calc(var(--radius) + 4px);

Common Values

  • Sharp (Neo-brutalism): --radius: 0px
  • Subtle (Modern): --radius: 0.375rem (6px)
  • Rounded (Friendly): --radius: 0.625rem (10px)
  • Pill (Buttons): --radius: 9999px

Usage Guidelines

When to Use Each Theme

Neo-Brutalism:

  • ✅ Creative/artistic projects
  • ✅ Retro/vintage aesthetics
  • ✅ Bold, statement-making designs
  • ❌ Enterprise/corporate applications
  • ❌ Accessibility-critical interfaces

Modern Dark Mode:

  • ✅ SaaS applications
  • ✅ Developer tools
  • ✅ Professional dashboards
  • ✅ Enterprise applications
  • ✅ Accessibility-critical interfaces

Customization

  1. Start with a base theme template
  2. Adjust primary/accent colors for brand
  3. Modify radius for desired feel
  4. Adjust shadows for depth preference
  5. Test contrast ratios for accessibility

Best Practices

✅ Use CSS custom properties for all theme values ✅ Test in light and dark modes if applicable ✅ Validate color contrast (WCAG AA minimum) ✅ Use semantic color names (--primary, not --blue) ✅ Load fonts from Google Fonts for reliability ✅ Apply consistent spacing using the spacing scale ✅ Test responsive behavior at all breakpoints

❌ Don't hardcode colors in components ❌ Don't use generic blue (#007bff) without reason ❌ Don't mix color formats (stick to OKLCH) ❌ Don't skip contrast testing ❌ Don't use too many font families (2-3 max)

References