Animation Basics

Overview

Standards and patterns for UI animations, micro-interactions, and transitions. Animations should feel natural, purposeful, and enhance user experience without causing distraction.

Quick Reference

Timing: 150-400ms for most interactions Easing: ease-out for entrances, ease-in for exits Purpose: Every animation should have a clear purpose Performance: Use transform and opacity for 60fps

Animation Micro-Syntax

Notation Guide

Format: element: duration easing [properties] modifiers

Symbols:

→ = transition from → to
± = oscillate/shake
↗ = increase
↘ = decrease
∞ = infinite loop
×N = repeat N times
+Nms = delay N milliseconds

Properties:

Y = translateY
X = translateX
S = scale
R = rotate
α = opacity
bg = background

Example: button: 200ms ease-out [S1→1.05, α0.8→1]

Button scales from 1 to 1.05 and fades from 0.8 to 1 over 200ms with ease-out

Core Animation Principles

Timing Standards

Ultra-fast:  100-150ms  (micro-feedback, hover states)
Fast:        150-250ms  (button clicks, toggles)
Standard:    250-350ms  (modals, dropdowns, navigation)
Moderate:    350-500ms  (page transitions, complex animations)
Slow:        500-800ms  (dramatic reveals, storytelling)

Easing Functions

/* Entrances - start slow, end fast */
ease-out: cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);

/* Exits - start fast, end slow */
ease-in: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);

/* Both - smooth throughout */
ease-in-out: cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);

/* Bounce - playful, attention-grabbing */
bounce: cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.55, 0.265, 1.55);

/* Elastic - spring-like */
elastic: cubic-bezier(0.68, -0.6, 0.32, 1.6);

Performance Guidelines

60fps Animations (GPU-accelerated):

✅ transform (translate, scale, rotate)
✅ opacity
✅ filter (with caution)

Avoid (causes reflow/repaint):

❌ width, height
❌ top, left, right, bottom
❌ margin, padding

Related Files

Animation Components - Common UI patterns
Loading Animations - Loading states
Advanced Animations - Recipes & best practices

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