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helm-external-secrets
mirror of https://github.com/external-secrets/external-secrets


			
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<h1 id="api-overview">API Overview</h1>
<h2 id="architecture">Architecture</h2>
<p><img alt="high-level" src="../../pictures/diagrams-high-level-simple.png" /></p>
<p>The External Secrets Operator extends Kubernetes with <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/">Custom
Resources</a>,
which define where secrets live and how to synchronize them. The controller
fetches secrets from an external API and creates Kubernetes
<a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/">secrets</a>. If the
secret from the external API changes, the controller will reconcile the state in
the cluster and update the secrets accordingly.</p>
<h2 id="resource-model">Resource model</h2>
<p>To understand the mechanics of the operator let's start with the data model. The
SecretStore references a bucket of key/value pairs. But because every external
API is slightly different this bucket may be e.g. an instance of an Azure
KeyVault or a AWS Secrets Manager in a certain AWS Account and region. Please
take a look at the provider documentation to see what the Bucket actually maps
to.</p>
<p><img alt="Resource Mapping" src="../../pictures/diagrams-resource-mapping.png" /></p>
<h3 id="secretstore">SecretStore</h3>
<p>The idea behind the <a href="../../api/secretstore/">SecretStore</a> resource is to separate concerns of
authentication/access and the actual Secret and configuration needed for
workloads. The ExternalSecret specifies what to fetch, the SecretStore specifies
how to access. This resource is namespaced.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secretstore-sample</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">aws</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">service</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretsManager</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">region</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">us-east-1</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">accessKeyIDSecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">awssm-secret</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">access-key</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretAccessKeySecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">awssm-secret</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret-access-key</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
The <code>SecretStore</code> contains references to secrets which hold credentials to
access the external API.</p>
<h3 id="externalsecret">ExternalSecret</h3>
<p>An <a href="../../api/externalsecret/">ExternalSecret</a> declares what data to fetch. It has a reference to a
<code>SecretStore</code> which knows how to access that data. The controller uses that
<code>ExternalSecret</code> as a blueprint to create secrets.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">refreshInterval</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">1h</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">secretStoreRef</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secretstore-sample</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">target</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret-to-be-created</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">creationPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Owner</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret-key-to-be-managed</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">provider-key</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">provider-key-version</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">property</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">provider-key-property</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">dataFrom</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">extract</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"></span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">remote-key-in-the-provider</span><span class="w"></span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="clustersecretstore">ClusterSecretStore</h3>
<p>The <a href="../../api/clustersecretstore/">ClusterSecretStore</a> is a global, cluster-wide SecretStore that can be
referenced from all namespaces. You can use it to provide a central gateway to your secret provider.</p>
<h2 id="behavior">Behavior</h2>
<p>The External Secret Operator (ESO for brevity) reconciles <code>ExternalSecrets</code> in
the following manner:</p>
<ol>
<li>ESO uses <code>spec.secretStoreRef</code> to find an appropriate <code>SecretStore</code>. If it
   doesn't exist or the <code>spec.controller</code> field doesn't match it won't further
   process this ExternalSecret.</li>
<li>ESO instanciates an external API client using the specified credentials from
   the <code>SecretStore</code> spec.</li>
<li>ESO fetches the secrets as requested by the <code>ExternalSecret</code>, it will decode
   the secrets if required</li>
<li>ESO creates an <code>Kind=Secret</code> based on the template provided by
   <code>ExternalSecret.target.template</code>. The <code>Secret.data</code> can be templated using
   the secret values from the external API.</li>
<li>ESO ensures that the secret values stay in sync with the external API</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="roles-and-responsibilities">Roles and responsibilities</h2>
<p>The External Secret Operator is designed to target the following persona:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Cluster Operator</strong>: The cluster operator is responsible for setting up the
  External Secret Operator, managing access policies and creating
  ClusterSecretStores.</li>
<li><strong>Application developer</strong>: The Application developer is responsible for
  defining ExternalSecrets and the application configuration</li>
</ul>
<p>Each persona will roughly map to a Kubernetes RBAC role. Depending on your
environment these roles can map to a single user. <strong>Note:</strong> There is no Secret
Operator that handles the lifecycle of the secret, this is out of the scope of
ESO.</p>
<h2 id="access-control">Access Control</h2>
<p>The External Secrets Operator runs as a deployment in your cluster with elevated
privileges. It will create/read/update secrets in all namespaces and has access
to secrets stored in some external API. Ensure that the credentials you provide
give ESO the least privilege necessary.</p>
<p>Design your <code>SecretStore</code>/<code>ClusterSecretStore</code> carefully! Be sure to restrict
access of application developers to read only certain
keys in a shared environment.</p>
<p>You should also consider using Kubernetes' admission control system (e.g.
<a href="https://www.openpolicyagent.org/">OPA</a> or <a href="https://kyverno.io/">Kyverno</a>) for
fine-grained access control.</p>
<h2 id="running-multiple-controller">Running multiple Controller</h2>
<p>You can run multiple controllers within the cluster. One controller can be
limited to only process <code>SecretStores</code> with a predefined <code>spec.controller</code>
field.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Testers welcome</p>
<p>This is not widely tested. Please help us test the setup and/or document use-cases.</p>
</div>

              
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