logic855
/
helm-external-secrets
mirror of https://github.com/external-secrets/external-secrets


			
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  <h1>HashiCorp Vault</h1>

<p><img alt="HCP Vault" src="../../pictures/diagrams-provider-vault.png" /></p>
<h2 id="hashicorp-vault">Hashicorp Vault</h2>
<p>External Secrets Operator integrates with <a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/">HashiCorp Vault</a> for secret management.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/secrets/kv">KV Secrets Engine</a> is the only
one supported by this provider. For other secrets engines, please refer to the
<a href="../../api/generator/vault/">Vault Generator</a>.</p>
<h3 id="example">Example</h3>
<p>First, create a SecretStore with a vault backend. For the sake of simplicity we'll use a static token <code>root</code>:</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;http://my.vault.server:8200&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1"># Version is the Vault KV secret engine version.</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1"># This can be either &quot;v1&quot; or &quot;v2&quot;, defaults to &quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># points to a secret that contains a vault token</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/token</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">tokenSecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;vault-token&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;token&quot;</span>
<span class="nn">---</span>
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Secret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-token</span>
<span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">token</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cm9vdA==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># &quot;root&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> for <code>tokenSecretRef</code> with the namespace of the secret that we just created.</p>
<p>Then create a simple k/v pair at path <code>secret/foo</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>vault kv put secret/foo my-value=s3cr3t
</code></pre></div>
<p>Can check kv version using following and check for <code>Options</code> column, it should indicate [version:2]:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>vault secrets list -detailed
</code></pre></div>
<p>If you are using version: 1, just remember to update your SecretStore manifest appropriately</p>
<p>Now create a ExternalSecret that uses the above SecretStore:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">refreshInterval</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;15s&quot;</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">secretStoreRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">target</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example-sync</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foobar</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foo</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">property</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">my-value</span>

<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># metadataPolicy to fetch all the labels in JSON format</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">tags</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">metadataPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Fetch</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foo</span>

<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># metadataPolicy to fetch a specific label (dev) from the source secret</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">developer</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">metadataPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Fetch</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foo</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">property</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dev</span>

<span class="nn">---</span>
<span class="c1"># That will automatically create a Kubernetes Secret with:</span>
<span class="c1"># apiVersion: v1</span>
<span class="c1"># kind: Secret</span>
<span class="c1"># metadata:</span>
<span class="c1">#  name: example-sync</span>
<span class="c1"># data:</span>
<span class="c1">#  foobar: czNjcjN0</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Keep in mind that fetching the labels with <code>metadataPolicy: Fetch</code> only works with KV sercrets engine version v2.</p>
<h4 id="fetching-raw-values">Fetching Raw Values</h4>
<p>You can fetch all key/value pairs for a given path If you leave the <code>remoteRef.property</code> empty. This returns the json-encoded secret value for that path.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foobar</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/dev/package.json</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="nested-values">Nested Values</h4>
<p>Vault supports nested key/value pairs. You can specify a <a href="https://github.com/tidwall/gjson">gjson</a> expression at <code>remoteRef.property</code> to get a nested value.</p>
<p>Given the following secret - assume its path is <code>/dev/config</code>:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;nested&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;mysecret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>You can set the <code>remoteRef.property</code> to point to the nested key using a <a href="https://github.com/tidwall/gjson">gjson</a> expression.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foobar</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/dev/config</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">property</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foo.nested.bar</span>
<span class="nn">---</span>
<span class="c1"># creates a secret with:</span>
<span class="c1"># foobar=mysecret</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>If you would set the <code>remoteRef.property</code> to just <code>foo</code> then you would get the json-encoded value of that property: <code>{"nested":{"bar":"mysecret"}}</code>.</p>
<h4 id="multiple-nested-values">Multiple nested Values</h4>
<p>You can extract multiple keys from a nested secret using <code>dataFrom</code>.</p>
<p>Given the following secret - assume its path is <code>/dev/config</code>:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;nested&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;mysecret&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">&quot;baz&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;bang&quot;</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>You can set the <code>remoteRef.property</code> to point to the nested key using a <a href="https://github.com/tidwall/gjson">gjson</a> expression.
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">dataFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">extract</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/dev/config</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">property</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foo.nested</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>That results in a secret with these values:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>bar=mysecret
baz=bang
</code></pre></div></p>
<h4 id="getting-multiple-secrets">Getting multiple secrets</h4>
<p>You can extract multiple secrets from Hashicorp vault by using <code>dataFrom.Find</code></p>
<p>Currently, <code>dataFrom.Find</code> allows users to fetch secret names that match a given regexp pattern, or fetch secrets whose <code>custom_metadata</code> tags match a predefined set.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>The way hashicorp Vault currently allows LIST operations is through the existence of a secret metadata. If you delete the secret, you will also need to delete the secret's metadata or this will currently make Find operations fail.</p>
</div>
<p>Given the following secret - assume its path is <code>/dev/config</code>:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;foo&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">&quot;nested&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">&quot;bar&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;mysecret&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">&quot;baz&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;bang&quot;</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Also consider the following secret has the following <code>custom_metadata</code>:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;environment&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;dev&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;component&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;app-1&quot;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>It is possible to find this secret by all the following possibilities:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">dataFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">find</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#will return every secret with &#39;dev&#39; in it (including paths)</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">regexp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dev</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">find</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#will return every secret matching environment:dev tags from dev/ folder and beyond</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">tags</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">environment</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dev</span>
</code></pre></div>
will generate a secret with:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;dev_config&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;{\&quot;foo\&quot;:{\&quot;nested\&quot;:{\&quot;bar\&quot;:\&quot;mysecret\&quot;,\&quot;baz\&quot;:\&quot;bang\&quot;}}}&quot;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>Currently, <code>Find</code> operations are recursive throughout a given vault folder, starting on <code>provider.Path</code> definition. It is recommended to narrow down the scope of search by setting a <code>find.path</code> variable. This is also useful to automatically reduce the resulting secret key names:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ExternalSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">dataFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">find</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#will return every secret from dev/ folder</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dev</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">regexp</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;.*&quot;</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">find</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#will return every secret matching environment:dev tags from dev/ folder</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dev</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">tags</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">environment</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dev</span>
</code></pre></div>
Will generate a secret with:
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;config&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="s2">&quot;{\&quot;foo\&quot;: {\&quot;nested\&quot;: {\&quot;bar\&quot;: \&quot;mysecret\&quot;,\&quot;baz\&quot;: \&quot;bang\&quot;}}}&quot;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<h3 id="authentication">Authentication</h3>
<p>We support five different modes for authentication:
<a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/token">token-based</a>,
<a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle">appRole</a>,
<a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/kubernetes">kubernetes-native</a>,
<a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/ldap">ldap</a>,
<a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/userpass">userPass</a>,
<a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/jwt">jwt/oidc</a>,
<a href="https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/aws">awsAuth</a> and
<a href="https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/cert">tlsCert</a>, each one comes with it's own
trade-offs. Depending on the authentication method you need to adapt your environment.</p>
<p>If you're using Vault namespaces, you can authenticate into one namespace and use the vault token against a different namespace, if desired.</p>
<h4 id="token-based-authentication">Token-based authentication</h4>
<p>A static token is stored in a <code>Kind=Secret</code> and is used to authenticate with vault.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># points to a secret that contains a vault token</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/token</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">tokenSecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;vault-token&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>tokenSecretRef</code> with the namespace where the secret resides.</p>
<h4 id="approle-authentication-example">AppRole authentication example</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle">AppRole authentication</a> reads the secret id from a
<code>Kind=Secret</code> and uses the specified <code>roleId</code> to aquire a temporary token to fetch secrets.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># VaultAppRole authenticates with Vault using the</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># App Role auth mechanism</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">appRole</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the App Role authentication backend is mounted</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;approle&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># RoleID configured in the App Role authentication backend</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">roleId</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;db02de05-fa39-4855-059b-67221c5c2f63&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Reference to a key in a K8 Secret that contains the App Role SecretId</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret-id&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>secretRef</code> with the namespace where the secret resides.</p>
<h4 id="kubernetes-authentication">Kubernetes authentication</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/kubernetes">Kubernetes-native authentication</a> has three
options of obtaining credentials for vault:</p>
<ol>
<li>by using a service account jwt referenced in <code>serviceAccountRef</code></li>
<li>by using the jwt from a <code>Kind=Secret</code> referenced by the <code>secretRef</code></li>
<li>by using transient credentials from the mounted service account token within the
    external-secrets operator</li>
</ol>
<p>Vault validates the service account token by using the TokenReview API. ⚠️ You have to bind the <code>system:auth-delegator</code> ClusterRole to the service account that is used for authentication. Please follow the <a href="https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/kubernetes#configuring-kubernetes">Vault documentation</a>.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># Authenticate against Vault using a Kubernetes ServiceAccount</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># token stored in a Secret.</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/kubernetes</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">kubernetes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the Kubernetes authentication backend is mounted in Vault</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;kubernetes&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># A required field containing the Vault Role to assume.</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">role</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;demo&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Optional service account field containing the name</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># of a kubernetes ServiceAccount</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">serviceAccountRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-sa&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Optional secret field containing a Kubernetes ServiceAccount JWT</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1">#  used for authenticating with Vault</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;vault&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>serviceAccountRef</code> or in <code>secretRef</code>, if used.</p>
<h4 id="ldap-authentication">LDAP authentication</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/ldap">LDAP authentication</a> uses
username/password pair to get an access token. Username is stored directly in
a <code>Kind=SecretStore</code> or <code>Kind=ClusterSecretStore</code> resource, password is stored
in a <code>Kind=Secret</code> referenced by the <code>secretRef</code>.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># VaultLdap authenticates with Vault using the LDAP auth mechanism</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/ldap</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">ldap</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the LDAP authentication backend is mounted</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;ldap&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># LDAP username</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">username</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;username&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;ldap-password&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>secretRef</code> with the namespace where the secret resides.</p>
<h4 id="userpass-authentication">UserPass authentication</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/userpass">UserPass authentication</a> uses
username/password pair to get an access token. Username is stored directly in
a <code>Kind=SecretStore</code> or <code>Kind=ClusterSecretStore</code> resource, password is stored
in a <code>Kind=Secret</code> referenced by the <code>secretRef</code>.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># VaultUserPass authenticates with Vault using the UserPass auth mechanism</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/userpass</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">userPass</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the UserPass authentication backend is mounted</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;userpass&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">username</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;username&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;password&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>secretRef</code> with the namespace where the secret resides.</p>
<h4 id="jwtoidc-authentication">JWT/OIDC authentication</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/jwt">JWT/OIDC</a> uses either a
<a href="https://jwt.io/">JWT</a> token stored in a <code>Kind=Secret</code> and referenced by the
<code>secretRef</code> or a temporary Kubernetes service account token retrieved via the <code>TokenRequest</code> API. Optionally a <code>role</code> field can be defined in a <code>Kind=SecretStore</code>
or <code>Kind=ClusterSecretStore</code> resource.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># VaultJwt authenticates with Vault using the JWT/OIDC auth mechanism</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/jwt</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">jwt</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the JWT authentication backend is mounted</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jwt&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># JWT role configured in a Vault server, optional.</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">role</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;vault-jwt-role&quot;</span>

<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Retrieve JWT token from a Kubernetes secret</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jwt-token&quot;</span>

<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># ... or retrieve a Kubernetes service account token via the `TokenRequest` API</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">kubernetesServiceAccountToken</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">serviceAccountRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-sa&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1"># `audiences` defaults to `[&quot;vault&quot;]` it not supplied</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">audiences</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1"># `expirationSeconds` defaults to 10 minutes if not supplied</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">expirationSeconds</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">600</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>secretRef</code> with the namespace where the secret resides.</p>
<h4 id="aws-iam-authentication">AWS IAM authentication</h4>
<p><a href="https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/aws">AWS IAM</a> uses either a
set of AWS Programmatic access credentials stored in a <code>Kind=Secret</code> and referenced by the
<code>secretRef</code> or by getting the authentication token from an <a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/iam-roles-for-service-accounts.html">IRSA</a> enabled service account</p>
<h4 id="tls-certificates-authentication">TLS certificates authentication</h4>
<p><a href="https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/cert">TLS certificates auth method</a>  allows authentication using SSL/TLS client certificates which are either signed by a CA or self-signed. SSL/TLS client certificates are defined as having an ExtKeyUsage extension with the usage set to either ClientAuth or Any.</p>
<h3 id="mutual-authentication-mtls">Mutual authentication (mTLS)</h3>
<p>Under specific compliance requirements, the Vault server can be set up to enforce mutual authentication from clients across all APIs by configuring the server with <code>tls_require_and_verify_client_cert = true</code>. This configuration differs fundamentally from the <a href="#tls-certificates-authentication">TLS certificates auth method</a>. While the TLS certificates auth method allows the issuance of a Vault token through the <code>/v1/auth/cert/login</code> API, the mTLS configuration solely focuses on TLS transport layer authentication and lacks any authorization-related capabilities. It's important to note that the Vault token must still be included in the request, following any of the supported authentication methods mentioned earlier.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>

<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1"># client TLS related configuration</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">caBundle</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;...&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">tls</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">clientCert</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-cert-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;tls.crt&quot;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-cert-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;tls.key&quot;</span>

<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1"># the authentication methods are not really related to the client TLS configuration</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">...</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="access-key-id-secret-access-key">Access Key ID &amp; Secret Access Key</h3>
<p>You can store Access Key ID &amp; Secret Access Key in a <code>Kind=Secret</code> and reference it from a SecretStore.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend-aws-iam</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;http://my.vault.server:8200&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v2</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">&lt;vault_namespace&gt;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">iam</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the AWS auth method is enabled in Vault, e.g: &quot;aws/&quot;. Defaults to aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># AWS Region. Defaults to us-east-1</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">region</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">us-east-1</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># optional: assume role before fetching secrets</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">role</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">arn:aws:iam::1234567890:role/role-a</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Vault Role. In vault, a role describes an identity with a set of permissions, groups, or policies you want to attach a user of the secrets engine</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">vaultRole</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-role-for-aws-iam-auth</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Optional. Placeholder to supply header X-Vault-AWS-IAM-Server-ID. It is an additional (optional) header used by Vault IAM auth method to mitigate against different types of replay attacks. More details here: https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">vaultAwsIamServerID</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example-vaultAwsIamServerID</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#Use this method when you have static AWS creds.</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">accessKeyIDSecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-iam-creds-secret</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">access-key</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">secretAccessKeySecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-iam-creds-secret</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret-access-key</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">sessionTokenSecretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-iam-creds-secret</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret-session-token</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>accessKeyIDSecretRef</code>, <code>secretAccessKeySecretRef</code> with the namespaces where the secrets reside.</p>
<h3 id="eks-service-account-credentials">EKS Service Account credentials</h3>
<p>This feature lets you use short-lived service account tokens to authenticate with AWS.
You must have <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/#service-account-token-volume-projection">Service Account Volume Projection</a> enabled - it is by default on EKS. See <a href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/iam-roles-for-service-accounts-technical-overview.html">EKS guide</a> on how to set up IAM roles for service accounts.</p>
<p>The big advantage of this approach is that ESO runs without any credentials.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ServiceAccount</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">eks.amazonaws.com/role-arn</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">arn:aws:iam::123456789012:role/my-irsa-enabled-role</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">my-serviceaccount</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">default</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Reference the service account from above in the Secret Store:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend-aws-iam</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;http://my.vault.server:8200&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v2</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">&lt;vault_namespace&gt;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">iam</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the AWS auth method is enabled in Vault, e.g: &quot;aws/&quot;. Defaults to aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># AWS Region. Defaults to us-east-1</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">region</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">us-east-1</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Vault Role. In vault, a role describes an identity with a set of permissions, groups, or policies you want to attach a user of the secrets engine</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">vaultRole</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-role-for-aws-iam-auth</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Optional. Placeholder to supply header X-Vault-AWS-IAM-Server-ID. It is an additional (optional) header used by Vault IAM auth method to mitigate against different types of replay attacks. More details here: https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">vaultAwsIamServerID</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example-vaultAwsIamServerID</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">jwt</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">serviceAccountRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">my-serviceaccount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#Provide service account with IRSA enabled</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="controllers-pod-identity">Controller's Pod Identity</h3>
<p>This is basicially a zero-configuration authentication approach that inherits the credentials from the controller's pod identity</p>
<p>This approach assumes that appropriate IRSA setup is done controller's pod (i.e. IRSA enabled IAM role is created appropriately and controller's service account is annotated appropriately with the annotation "eks.amazonaws.com/role-arn" to enable IRSA)</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend-aws-iam</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;http://my.vault.server:8200&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">secret</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v2</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">&lt;vault_namespace&gt;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">iam</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the AWS auth method is enabled in Vault, e.g: &quot;aws/&quot;. Defaults to aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># AWS Region. Defaults to us-east-1</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">region</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">us-east-1</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Vault Role. In vault, a role describes an identity with a set of permissions, groups, or policies you want to attach a user of the secrets engine</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">vaultRole</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-role-for-aws-iam-auth</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Optional. Placeholder to supply header X-Vault-AWS-IAM-Server-ID. It is an additional (optional) header used by Vault IAM auth method to mitigate against different types of replay attacks. More details here: https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/auth/aws</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">vaultAwsIamServerID</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example-vaultAwsIamServerID</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> for <code>serviceAccountRef</code> with the namespace where the service account resides.</p>
<p><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;https://vault.acme.org&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># VaultJwt authenticates with Vault using the JWT/OIDC auth mechanism</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/jwt</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">jwt</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Path where the JWT authentication backend is mounted</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jwt&quot;</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># JWT role configured in a Vault server, optional.</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">role</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;vault-jwt-role&quot;</span>

<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># Retrieve JWT token from a Kubernetes secret</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">secretRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;jwt-token&quot;</span>

<span class="w">          </span><span class="c1"># ... or retrieve a Kubernetes service account token via the `TokenRequest` API</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">kubernetesServiceAccountToken</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">serviceAccountRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">              </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;my-sa&quot;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1"># `audiences` defaults to `[&quot;vault&quot;]` it not supplied</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">audiences</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="c1"># `expirationSeconds` defaults to 10 minutes if not supplied</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="nt">expirationSeconds</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">600</span>
</code></pre></div>
<strong>NOTE:</strong> In case of a <code>ClusterSecretStore</code>, Be sure to provide <code>namespace</code> in <code>secretRef</code> with the namespace where the secret resides.</p>
<h3 id="pushsecret">PushSecret</h3>
<p>Vault supports PushSecret features which allow you to sync a given Kubernetes secret key into a Hashicorp vault secret. To do so, it is expected that the secret key is a valid JSON object or that the <code>property</code> attribute has been specified under the <code>remoteRef</code>.
To use PushSecret, you need to give <code>create</code>, <code>read</code> and <code>update</code> permissions to the path where you want to push secrets for both <code>data</code> and <code>metadata</code> of the secret. Use it with care!</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>Since Vault KV v1 API is not supported with storing secrets metadata, PushSecret will add a <code>custom_metadata</code> map to each secret in Vault that he will manage. It means pushing secret keys named <code>custom_metadata</code> is not supported with Vault KV v1.</p>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of how to set up <code>PushSecret</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Secret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">source-secret</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">default</span>
<span class="nt">stringData</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">source-key1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;{\&quot;foo\&quot;:\&quot;bar\&quot;}&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># Needs to be a JSON</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">source-key2</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">bar</span><span class="w">  </span><span class="c1"># Could be a plain string</span>
<span class="nn">---</span>
<span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1alpha1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">PushSecret</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">pushsecret-example</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">default</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">refreshInterval</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">10s</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">secretStoreRefs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-secretstore</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">secret</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">source-secret</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">data</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">match</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">source-key1</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">remoteKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault/secret1</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">match</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">secretKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">source-key2</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">remoteRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">remoteKey</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault/secret2</span>
<span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">property</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">foo</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Note that in this example, we are generating two secrets in the target vault with the same structure but using different input formats.</p>
<h3 id="vault-enterprise">Vault Enterprise</h3>
<h4 id="eventual-consistency-and-performance-standby-nodes">Eventual Consistency and Performance Standby Nodes</h4>
<p>When using Vault Enterprise with <a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/enterprise/consistency#performance-standby-nodes">performance standby nodes</a>,
any follower can handle read requests immediately after the provider has
authenticated. Since Vault becomes eventually consistent in this mode, these
requests can fail if the login has not yet propagated to each server's local
state.</p>
<p>Below are two different solutions to this scenario. You'll need to review them
and pick the best fit for your environment and Vault configuration.</p>
<h4 id="vault-namespaces">Vault Namespaces</h4>
<p><a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/enterprise/namespaces">Vault namespaces</a> are an enterprise feature that support multi-tenancy. You can specify a vault namespace using the <code>namespace</code> property when you define a SecretStore:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;http://my.vault.server:8200&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1"># See https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/enterprise/namespaces</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;ns1&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h5 id="authenticating-into-a-different-namespace">Authenticating into a different namespace</h5>
<p>In some situations your authentication backend may be in one namespace, and your secrets in another. You can authenticate into one namespace, and use that token against another, by setting <code>provider.vault.namespace</code> and <code>provider.vault.auth.namespace</code> to different values. If <code>provider.vault.auth.namespace</code> is unset but <code>provider.vault.namespace</code> is, it will default to the <code>provider.vault.namespace</code> value.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-secrets.io/v1beta1</span>
<span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">SecretStore</span>
<span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">vault-backend</span>
<span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">vault</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">server</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;http://my.vault.server:8200&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="c1"># See https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/enterprise/namespaces</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;app-team&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;secret&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">version</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;v2&quot;</span>
<span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">auth</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;kubernetes-team&quot;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="c1"># ...</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h4 id="read-your-writes">Read Your Writes</h4>
<p>Vault 1.10.0 and later encodes information in the token to detect the case
when a server is behind. If a Vault server does not have information about
the provided token, <a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/faq/ssct#q-is-there-anything-else-i-need-to-consider-to-achieve-consistency-besides-upgrading-to-vault-1-10">Vault returns a 412 error</a>
so clients know to retry.</p>
<p>A method supported in versions Vault 1.7 and later is to utilize the
<code>X-Vault-Index</code> header returned on all write requests (including logins).
Passing this header back on subsequent requests instructs the Vault client
to retry the request until the server has an index greater than or equal
to that returned with the last write. Obviously though, this has a performance
hit because the read is blocked until the follower's local state has caught up.</p>
<h4 id="forward-inconsistent">Forward Inconsistent</h4>
<p>Vault also supports proxying inconsistent requests to the current cluster leader
for immediate read-after-write consistency.</p>
<p>Vault 1.10.0 and later <a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/faq/ssct#q-is-there-a-new-configuration-that-this-feature-introduces">support a replication configuration</a> that detects when forwarding should occur and does it transparently to the client.</p>
<p>In Vault 1.7 forwarding can be achieved by setting the <code>X-Vault-Inconsistent</code>
header to <code>forward-active-node</code>. By default, this behavior is disabled and must
be explicitly enabled in the server's <a href="https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/configuration/replication#allow_forwarding_via_header">replication configuration</a>.</p>


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